![]() Keywords: cadmium toxicity, heavy metal toxicity, iron deficiency, lead toxicity, sugar beet. Root tips of Pb-treated plants, however, had increased Fe(III)-chelate reductase activities. No symptoms of Fe deficiency were apparent in leaves. Changes in plant nutrient concentrations with Pb were only minor, although leaf Cu levels approached critical deficiency levels. 2.41 3.20 Saline Salt sensitive plants will show some injury. 0.81 1.60 Very slightly saline 1.61 2.40 Moderately saline Sensitive plants and seedlings of other plants may show soluble salt injury. Pb increased root fresh and dry mass with no changes in shoot mass, therefore increasing the root / shoot ratio. Generally safe for all plants and seedlings. Leaves of Pb-treated plants remained green and their edges were rolled inwards. ![]() Pb chelated with EDTA induced visual symptoms only at concentrations of 2 mM. All Cd treatments increased Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity in root tips, although Fe concentrations in shoots were similar to those found in control plants. Plants treated with 50 μM CdCl 2, however, had decreased growth but did not show marked leaf Fe-deficiency symptoms. These symptoms included decreased leaf chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid concentrations, increased carotenoid / Chl and Chl a/ b ratios, de-epoxidation of violaxanthin cycle pigments, and decreased photosynthetic rates and PSII efficiency. Leaves of plants treated with 10 or 50 μM Cd–EDTA and 10 μM CdCl 2 developed symptoms of Fe deficiency. Cd decreased N, P, Mg, K, Mn, Cu and Zn uptake, and facilitated Ca uptake. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that in 2050, the global population will increase to 9 billion, and global food production should increase by 70 to meet the growing population’s demand for food 1,2. Plants developed few brownish roots with short laterals. Glycinebetaine is reported to accumulate in plants both under water deficits and salinity stress, where specific ionic stress such as Na toxicity could be a. Cd, used as chloride salt or chelated to EDTA, decreased fresh and dry mass of both root and shoot, and increased root / shoot ratios. Chemical speciation calculations were used to estimate the chemical species in equilibrium. Effects of Cd and Pb toxicity were investigated in sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) grown in hydroponics under growth-chamber-controlled conditions.
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